Gas Knowledge Base

Handling HFC refrigerants without valid F-Gas certification is illegal across the EU, and in some Member States it carries penalties of up to EUR 75,000 and prison time. Certification rules are harmonized EU-wide by Regulation (EU) 2015/2067 (personnel) and (EU) 2015/2068 (companies), while enforcement and penalties are set nationally (EUR-Lex)...

More than 80% of heat pumps sold in Europe in 2019 contained R-410A (BSRIA, 2019). While the new-equipment market shifts to R-32 and R-454B, the installed base stays heavily on R-410A for another ten to fifteen years. This guide is not another article about bans or alternatives. It is a..

Written by the Refrigeration Team, specialists in refrigerants and EU F-Gas compliance. Last updated: 16 September 2026. The EU distributor price of R-410A reached 11.3 times its 2014 level in the second quarter of 2026 (European Commission, Q2/2026 price monitoring). Contrary to a common assumption, nothing stops you from servicing..

Written by the Refrigeration Team, specialists in refrigerant gases and EU F-Gas compliance. Last updated: 21 May 2026. R-134a remains one of the most widely used refrigerants in the world. With a GWP of 1,430 and a non-flammable A1 classification, it still runs in the large majority of vehicles registered..

Written by the Refrigeration Team, specialists in refrigerant gases and EU F-Gas compliance. Last updated: 16 September 2026. R-134a carries a GWP of 1,430 under Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2024/573. That value sits below the 2,500 threshold behind today’s servicing bans, and above the 750 threshold that will apply..

Written by the Refrigeration Team, specialists in refrigerant gases and European F-Gas compliance. Last updated: 17 September 2026. Can you put R32 in place of R410A? No, and the reason usually given is wrong. At 35 °C, R32 reads 21.90 bar absolute against 21.40 bar for R410A (CoolProp calculation, NIST..

Written by the Refrigeration Team, specialists in refrigerant gases and European F-Gas compliance. Last updated: 20 May 2026. R-134a (GWP 1,430) has seen its distributor price multiply 9.5-fold since 2014, according to data prepared for the European Commission in Q4 2025 (Cooling Post, 2025). Two fluids are competing to take..

R-454B is an A2L low-GWP refrigerant blend that clears the EU F-Gas Regulation (EU) 2024/573 threshold of GWP < 750 for single-split air conditioning systems, with a Global Warming Potential of 466, sitting 76% below R-410A’s AR5 GWP of 1,924 (Regulation (EU) 2024/573). It’s a zeotropic blend of two HFC/HFO..

A “low-GWP refrigerant” in 2026 is any working fluid with a Global Warming Potential below the ceiling the EU F-Gas Regulation (EU) 2024/573 sets for its equipment category (European Commission, F-gas legislation). That ceiling isn’t one number. It’s tiered: GWP 2,500 is the outer limit for stationary refrigeration, 750 applies..

European heat pump sales bounced back in 2025: 980,000 units sold across 13 countries in the first half of the year, a 9% rise after a steep 21% drop in 2024 (EHPA, 2025). Whether your home runs a heat pump, a split air conditioner, or an older AC, one question..